谢晓尧     吴楚敏

内容提要：知识产权制度是工业社会中按照有形物的财产理论形塑的。在以互联网为中心的技术革命中，知识的生产和组织方式发生了根本性变化。传统知识产权理论暴露出许多问题，主要表现为：不宜笼统预设和夸大物品的稀缺性，产权激励并非首要的乃至唯一的选择，人力资本的增加才是知识创造的源泉。现行法律的组织方式建立在纸面所有权基础上，人为地创设了物品的排他性，以维系对知识产品的可占有性，成本高昂。知识创新机制是多元化的，不能忽略法律之外的创新和多样化治理。

关 键 词： 知识产权   稀缺性   专用权建构   法律之外的创新   范式转换

Abstract: Intellectual property law is rooted in the industrial society and shaped by the theory of tangible property right. However, the Internet revolution significantly changes the way people organize and produce knowledge, and reveals serious problems of traditional theories of intellectual property. As a response, the paradigm for the intellectual property system and discipline needs to shift. The scarcity of intellectual products should not be presumed and overstated, and thus property right is not the primary or even sole incentive for creation. Indeed, the source of knowledge and innovation is human capital. Besides, Current intellectual property regime is grounded on a system of paper titles. This institution is costly because it artificially creates exclusion on intellectual products in order to preserve intellectual property holders’ appropriation. In fact, there are diversified mechanisms for knowledge innovation beyond law and we should not ignore them. 

Key Words: intellectual property; scarcity; construction of exclusive right; innovation beyond law; the transition of paradigm